К теории «мальтузианской ловушки». Часть 1
Аннотация
Современная историко-экономическая наука утверждает, что вплоть до начала Промышленной революции в конце XVIII в. экономический рост в мире был крайне медленным и неустойчивым. Данная статья прослеживает, как усилиями многих экономистов и историков постепенно складывается концепция «мальтузианской ловушки», призванная объяснить многовековое пребывание аграрного общества в относительной стагнации. Применительно к традиционным экономикам клиометрические исследования в целом подтверждают идеи Т. Мальтуса о компенсации позитивного влияния технологического прогресса на подушевой доход приростом населения. Современные ученые дополняют их анализом социальной структуры общества, находящегося в «мальтузианской ловушке», присущих ему институтов редистрибуции, происходивших в те времена периодических расцветов и упадков протопромышленности и торговли. В статье показана логическая взаимосвязь этих элементов в рамках мальтузианского династийного цикла. Проводится сопоставление концепции «мальтузианской ловушки» с марксистским видением исторического процесса. Показано, какие позитивные наработки марксистского подхода могут быть имплантированы в современную теорию.
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