The Evolution of Technological Globalization
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of current trends in technological globalization, focusing on comparisons of the scale and dynamics of the development of the science and technology sectors in various countries. In particular, the article highlights the trends toward outstripping growth of the research and development sphere in non-Western countries, toward an increase in the share of the private sector in investment in research and development, to the transformation of China into one of the world’s technological leaders, and the expansion of its technology companies in other countries. The article compares the structure of research and development by country and industry measurements and provides information on the benefits and limitations of the current model for including China in technological globalization.
Downloads
References
Acemoglu, D., 2021. Remaking the Post-COVID World. Finance and Development. IMF. Available at: <https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/596451600877651127-0080022020>
Aghion, P., Antonin, C., Bunel, S., 2021. The Power of Creative Destruction: Economic Upheaval and the Wealth of Nations. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
Boroush, M., 2020. Cross-National Comparisons of R&D Performance. Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons. Science and Engineering Indicators. January 2020. National Science Foundation. Available at: <https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20203/cross-national-comparisons-of-r-d-performance>
Boroush, M., Guci, L., 2022. Cross-National Comparisons of R&D Performance. Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons. Science and Engineering Indicators. April 2022. National Science Foundation. Available at: <https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20225/cross-national-comparisons-of-r-d-performance>
Chauhan, M., 2021. Dr. Eric Schmidt Launches Special Competitive Studies Project. TFIR. Oct. 6 Available at: <https://www.tfir.io/dr-eric-schmidt-launches-special-competitive-studies-project>
Congressional Research Service, 2022. Semiconductors: U.S. Industry, Global Competition, and Federal Policy. CRS Report Prepared for the Members and Committees of Congress. R46581. Available at: <https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46581?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_wPiTeLsN2DtpWGLMmBvhH03fBS5jx0SkUVfqt2ksWXg-1634515534-0-gqNtZGzNAlCjcnBszRU9>
Danilin, I.V., 2020. Amerikano-kitayskaya tekhnologicheskaya voyna: riski i vozmozhnosti dlya KNR i global’nogo tekhnologicheskogo sektora [The U.S.-China Technology War: Risks and Opportunities for China and the Global Technology Sector]. Sravnitel’naya politika [Comparative Politics], vol. 11, no 4, pp. 160–176. Available at: <https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10056>
European Commission, 2021.The 2021 EU RD Investment Scoreboard. JRC/DG RTD.
Grigoryev, L.M., Kurdin, A.A., Makarov, I.A. (eds.), 2022. Mirovaya ekonomika v period bol’shikh potryaseniy [The World Economy in a Period of Big Shocks]. Moscow: INFRA.
Institute of World Economics and Politics, CASS Research Center for Hongqiao International Economic Forum, 2022. World Openness Report 2022. November.
ISS RAS, 2021. Nauka, tekhnologii i innovatsii Rossii — 2021: kratkiy stat. sbornik [Science, Technology and Innovation in Russia - 2021: Brief Statistical Digest]. Moscow.
Ivanova, N., 2020. Innovatsionnaya konkurentsiya [Innovative competition]. Moscow: Ves’ Mir.
Ivanova, N.I., 2022. Razvitiye tsifrovykh tekhnologiy i novyye zadachi gosudarstvennoy antimonopol’noy politiki. Polis, no 1, pp 53–66. Available at <https://doi. org/10.17976/jpps/2022.01.06>
Konina, N.Yu., 2022. Osobennosti rynochnogo polozheniya yevropeyskikh TNK v sovremennykh usloviyakh [Peculiarities of the market position of European MNCs in modern conditions]. Sovremennaya Yevropa [Modern Europe], no 5, p. 84.
Liu Zhen, 2022. US will lose China tech war if 5G, AI, microchip ‘core’ fronts are not fortified, report warns. South China Morning Post. Sept. 14. Available at: <https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3192386/us-will-lose-china-tech-war-if-5g-ai-microchip-core-fronts-are>
Mallapaty, S, 2022. What Xi Jinping’s third term means for science. Nature. Oct. 27 Available at: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03414-z>
Mikheyev, V., Lukonin, S., 2022. Bolevyye tochki Pekina — 3 (Smena ekonomicheskoy modeli i vneshnepoliticheskiye riski) [Beijing’s Pain Points - 3 (Economic Model Change and Foreign Policy Risks)]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], no 1.
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, 2020. National Patterns of R&D Resources (2019–20 edition).
OECD, 2020. Digital Economy Outlook 2020. Paris: OECD Publishing.
OECD, 2021. Main Science and Technology Indicators. September 2021.
The Economist, 2022a. Amazon Makes a New Push Into Health Care. Nov. 21 Available at: <https://www.economist.com/business/2022/11/20/amazon-makes-a-new-push-into-health-care> (accessed on November 21, 2022)
The Economist, 2022b. An obsession with control is making China weaker but more dangerous (China’s next chapter). Oct. 15. Available at:<https://www.economist.com/leaders/2022/10/13/an-obsession-with-control-is-making-china-weaker-but-more-dangerous>
Van Noorden, R., 2022. The number of researchers with dual US–China affiliations is falling. Nature. Available at: < https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01492-7> (accessed October 30, 2022.)
Varnavskiy, V.G., 2022. Kitayskiy fenomen ekonomicheskogo rosta [Chinese Phenomenon of Economic Growth]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], no 1, p. 12.
Wang, H., 2022. ‘China’s Evolving Role in Trade and Investment.’ In: Wang, H., 2022. The Ebb and Flow of Globalization. China and Globalization. Singapore: Springer. Available at: <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9253-6_1>
Wang, H., Michie, A. (eds.)., 2021. Consensus or Conflict? China and Globalization in the 21st Century. Springer. Available at: <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5391-9>
1.jpg)
