Политика санкций ЕС в отношении России после февраля 2022 г.: направления изменений

Иван Тимофеев; Полина Чуприянова

doi:10.17323/2949-5776-2024-2-2-43-59

Иван Тимофеев МГИМО МИД России https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1676-2221
Полина Чуприянова РСМД https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5982-3380

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2949-5776-2024-2-2-43-59

Ключевые слова: односторонние ограничительные меры, санкции, вторичные санкции, взаимозависимость, Европейский союз, Россия

Аннотация

Политика санкций Европейского союза на российском направлении в значительной степени трансформировалась после февраля 2022 г. Ряд таких изменений носит количественный характер и отражается в увеличении объема используемых против РФ односторонних ограничительных мер. С другой стороны, можно констатировать качественные изменения в подходе ЕС к осуществлению санкционного давления на Россию. Среди них пересмотр позиции ЕС по вопросу использования вторичных ограничений, а также заметные сдвиги в политике по обеспечению эффективности режима санкций против России. Динамика, масштабы и особенности таких изменений, а также их концептуальное обоснование сегодня слабо отражены как в академической литературе, так и в аналитических материалах. Цель статьи состоит в заполнении данных пробелов, а также в ответе на следующие исследовательские вопросы: в чем состоят ключевые изменения подхода ЕС к реализации политики санкций в отношении России после февраля 2022 г.? Каковы динамика и особенности данных изменений? В исследовании фиксируются тенденции качественной смены подхода ЕС к отношениям взаимозависимости с Россией; количественного наращивания применения принципиально новых для Европейского союза инструментов санкций, в том числе вторичных санкций; концентрации усилий ЕС на обеспечении эффективности антироссийских ограничений; возрастающей динамики такой политики при сохранении дисбалансов в ее реализации. Эмпирические наблюдения ведутся на основе баз данных РСМД по санкционной проблематике и анализа нормативно-правовых документов ЕС по политике санкций в отношении РФ.

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Биографии авторов

Иван Тимофеев, МГИМО МИД России

доцент

Полина Чуприянова, РСМД

программный координатор

Литература

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