Политика санкций ЕС в отношении России после февраля 2022 г.: направления изменений
Аннотация
Политика санкций Европейского союза на российском направлении в значительной степени трансформировалась после февраля 2022 г. Ряд таких изменений носит количественный характер и отражается в увеличении объема используемых против РФ односторонних ограничительных мер. С другой стороны, можно констатировать качественные изменения в подходе ЕС к осуществлению санкционного давления на Россию. Среди них пересмотр позиции ЕС по вопросу использования вторичных ограничений, а также заметные сдвиги в политике по обеспечению эффективности режима санкций против России. Динамика, масштабы и особенности таких изменений, а также их концептуальное обоснование сегодня слабо отражены как в академической литературе, так и в аналитических материалах. Цель статьи состоит в заполнении данных пробелов, а также в ответе на следующие исследовательские вопросы: в чем состоят ключевые изменения подхода ЕС к реализации политики санкций в отношении России после февраля 2022 г.? Каковы динамика и особенности данных изменений? В исследовании фиксируются тенденции качественной смены подхода ЕС к отношениям взаимозависимости с Россией; количественного наращивания применения принципиально новых для Европейского союза инструментов санкций, в том числе вторичных санкций; концентрации усилий ЕС на обеспечении эффективности антироссийских ограничений; возрастающей динамики такой политики при сохранении дисбалансов в ее реализации. Эмпирические наблюдения ведутся на основе баз данных РСМД по санкционной проблематике и анализа нормативно-правовых документов ЕС по политике санкций в отношении РФ.
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Литература
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