Конкуренция в банковском секторе: «дорожная карта» для финансовой стабильности?
Аннотация
В статье анализируются вопросы конкуренции в банковском секторе в свете посткризисной политики международного банковского регулирования, ключевой задачей которой является достижение финансовой стабильности и минимизация риска будущих финансовых кризисов. Понимание новых явлений конкуренции в международной банковской сфере и ее взаимосвязи с вопросами финансовой стабильности должно способствовать укреплению рыночной дисциплины в банковском секторе и повышению долгосрочного потенциала кредитных институтов как надежных поставщиков рыночной ликвидности. С другой стороны, достижение сбалансированности между соответствием банков посткризисным требованиям банковского надзора и их способностью к формированию конкурентных преимуществ не только укрепит их стрессоустойчивость в условиях нестабильного внешнего фона, но и станет одним из действенных подходов по минимизации системных рисков и системной стрессовости.
На основе систематизации исследований по вопросу влияния межбанковской конкуренции на финансовую стабильность (гипотеза конкурентной уязвимости и гипотеза конкурентной стабильности) сделан вывод о противоречивости такого влияния вследствие многофакторности конкуренции и отсутствии в этой связи однозначной оценки конкуренции для обеспечения стрессоустойчивости в банковском секторе: усиление конкуренции может способствовать как снижению уязвимости банковской деятельности к различного рода рискам и вызовам, так и стать источником нестабильности и финансовых кризисов. Руководствуясь приматом сбалансированного развития банковской сферы, предлагается дополнить инструментарий международного банковского регулирования количественным показателем оценки конкуренции, основанным на рисках банковской деятельности с учетом стандартов и рекомендаций Базеля III.
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